Medical Education
Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Featured by TAG at TBS24 Conference in Zermatt Switzerland
25 April 2024
BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com


Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 100 subsequent studies, and Scott M. Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his 'Phases of Team Development' as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development — Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning — inclusive of a graph showing how performance varies by phase, as well as the characteristics and strategies for each phase.
Leaders of teams can apply the information to help handle challenges or issues experienced by teams. By doing so, they’ll advance the teams' (and their own) happiness, productivity, and success.
Graffius initially developed the material in 2008, and he periodically refreshes it. For details on the current (2024) edition including permission request information, high resolution files, and more, visit here.
Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' work is used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities around the world. Examples include Yale University, IEEE, Constructor Institute (Switzerland), Adobe, Boston University, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, United States National Park Service, Cisco, Bayer, Ford, University of Galway (Ireland), Hasso Plattner Institute (Germany), American Management Association, UC San Diego, and many more.
The ATACC Group (TAG) was added to the list. Dr. Mark Forrest and Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely from TAG incorporated Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' in their talk at TBS24 in Zermatt, Switzerland.

Slide 1 from their talk is shown above.

Slide 67 from their talk — which featured the 2019 edition of Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' — is shown above. (For details on the current [2024] edition of Graffius' work including permission request information, high resolution files, and more, visit here.)
A recording of their session is on YouTube.
About Dr. Mark Forrest
The following includes content from https://scanfoam.org/tbs24.
Dr. Mark Forrest is a consultant in anaesthetics, critical care, prehospital care from the North West of England and Associate Medical Director in his NHS Trust. He has over 35 years of experience in these fields and has additional experience in aeromedical retrieval (including Paeds and ECMO), diving/hyperbaric medicine, and tactical medicine. Dr. Forrest flies as a consultant on HeliMed 29 and responds on a day-to-day basis as a 'Fire & Rescue Doctor.' He is passionate about trauma and critical care, especially in the prehospital arena and has a specialist interest in vehicle extrication as a Road Traffic Collision Extrication Instructor and Clinical Advisor to the National Fire Service College.
Dr. Forrest was the first appointed Medical Director for Fire & Rescue in the UK, over 17 years ago and now directs 9 UK Police Forces and 3 Fire and Rescue Services, through the ATACC Group.
Dr. Forrest is the Founder and Medical Director of the internationally renowned ATACC (Anesthesia Trauma and Critical Care) course and he is the First President of the Faculty of Trauma & Critical Care. He is an advocate for immersive simulation, unique training and innovation and has written over 20 varied courses for The ATACC Group as a Royal College Surgeons (London) Education Centre.
About Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely
The following includes content from https://scanfoam.org/tbs24.
Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely is an intensive care medicine doctor and pre hospital emergency medicine doctor in the UK. He works in a large, major trauma centre ICU, and he is a Helicopter Emergency Medical System (HEMS) doctor at East Anglian Air Ambulance (EAAA).
Dr. Hutchinson-Bazely is committed to delivering contemporary and compassionate critical care, and supporting others to do the same, so much of his non-clinical work is education. He is a faculty member at EAAA, where he specializes in endovascular resuscitation techniques. Dr. Hutchinson-Bazely is also part of the faculty for the international Endovascular Trauma Management (EVTM) society. His main commitment to education is as a deputy medical director for ATACC, where he co-directs the ATACC course.

About The ATACC Group
The ATACC Group (TAG) is known for providing high quality first aid, clinical and medical education and training to every level of provider involved in patient care. It offers a suite of regulated qualifications in collaboration with Qualification Network UK (QNUK) who are an Ofqual, CCEA, and Qualification Wales recognized Awarding Organization. TAG is also a Royal College of Surgeons, London approved Educational Centre. ATACC is an acronym for Anesthesia, Trauma, and Critical Care. Visit https://www.ataccgroup.com to learn more.

About scanFOAM
Scandinavia-based not-for-profit scanFOAM provides resources, conferences (such as TBS24), and more aimed at improving medicine. ScanFOAM is short for Scandinavia Free Open Access Meducation (or medical education). Visit https://scanfoam.org/ to learn more.

About the TBS24 Conference
TBS24 – the 6th iteration of cutting-edge talks on critical care, organized by scanFOAM – was held in beautiful Zermatt, Switzerland, on 7-9 February 2024. Visit https://scanfoam.org/tbs24/ to learn more.
How to Cite This Article
Graffius, Scott M. (2024, April 25). Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Featured by TAG at TBS24 Conference in Zermatt Switzerland. Available at: https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/tbs24.html. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36021.90087.




About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius, PMP, SA, CSP-SM, CSP-PO, CSM, CSPO, ITIL, LSSGB is an agile project management practitioner, consultant, thinker, creator, multi-award-winning author, and international public speaker. Founder and CEO of Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions™ and subsidiary Exceptional Agility™, he has generated over $1.9 billion for Global Fortune 500 businesses and other organizations he has served. Graffius and content from his books, talks, workshops, and more have been featured and used by Microsoft, Oracle, Broadcom, Cisco, Gartner, Project Management Institute, IEEE, National Academy of Sciences, United States Department of Energy, Yale University, Tufts University, and others. He delights audiences with dynamic and engaging talks and workshops on agile project management, AI, Tech leadership, video game development, strategic alignment, the science of high performance teams, and more. To date, he's presented sessions at 89 conferences and other events across 25 countries.
His full bio is available here.
Connect with Scott on:



About Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions

Shifting customer needs are common in today's marketplace. Businesses must be adaptive and responsive to change while delivering an exceptional customer experience to be competitive.
There are a variety of frameworks supporting the development of products and services, and most approaches fall into one of two broad categories: traditional or agile. Traditional practices such as waterfall engage sequential development, while agile involves iterative and incremental deliverables. Organizations are increasingly embracing agile to manage projects, and best meet their business needs of rapid response to change, fast delivery speed, and more.
With clear and easy to follow step-by-step instructions, Scott M. Graffius's award-winning Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions helps the reader:
Hailed by Literary Titan as “the book highlights the versatility of Scrum beautifully.”
Winner of 17 first place awards.
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.

About Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change

Thriving in today's marketplace frequently depends on making a transformation to become more agile. Those successful in the transition enjoy faster delivery speed and ROI, higher satisfaction, continuous improvement, and additional benefits.
Based on actual events, Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change provides a quick (60-90 minute) read about a successful agile transformation at a multinational entertainment and media company, told from the author's perspective as an agile coach.
The award-winning book by Scott M. Graffius is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.

An abridged version of this article is on LinkedIn.
The short link for this article is https://bit.ly/tbs-24
© Copyright 2024 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.



Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 100 subsequent studies, and Scott M. Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his 'Phases of Team Development' as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development — Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning — inclusive of a graph showing how performance varies by phase, as well as the characteristics and strategies for each phase.
Leaders of teams can apply the information to help handle challenges or issues experienced by teams. By doing so, they’ll advance the teams' (and their own) happiness, productivity, and success.
Graffius initially developed the material in 2008, and he periodically refreshes it. For details on the current (2024) edition including permission request information, high resolution files, and more, visit here.
Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' work is used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities around the world. Examples include Yale University, IEEE, Constructor Institute (Switzerland), Adobe, Boston University, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, United States National Park Service, Cisco, Bayer, Ford, University of Galway (Ireland), Hasso Plattner Institute (Germany), American Management Association, UC San Diego, and many more.
The ATACC Group (TAG) was added to the list. Dr. Mark Forrest and Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely from TAG incorporated Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' in their talk at TBS24 in Zermatt, Switzerland.

Slide 1 from their talk is shown above.

Slide 67 from their talk — which featured the 2019 edition of Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' — is shown above. (For details on the current [2024] edition of Graffius' work including permission request information, high resolution files, and more, visit here.)
A recording of their session is on YouTube.
About Dr. Mark Forrest
The following includes content from https://scanfoam.org/tbs24.
Dr. Mark Forrest is a consultant in anaesthetics, critical care, prehospital care from the North West of England and Associate Medical Director in his NHS Trust. He has over 35 years of experience in these fields and has additional experience in aeromedical retrieval (including Paeds and ECMO), diving/hyperbaric medicine, and tactical medicine. Dr. Forrest flies as a consultant on HeliMed 29 and responds on a day-to-day basis as a 'Fire & Rescue Doctor.' He is passionate about trauma and critical care, especially in the prehospital arena and has a specialist interest in vehicle extrication as a Road Traffic Collision Extrication Instructor and Clinical Advisor to the National Fire Service College.
Dr. Forrest was the first appointed Medical Director for Fire & Rescue in the UK, over 17 years ago and now directs 9 UK Police Forces and 3 Fire and Rescue Services, through the ATACC Group.
Dr. Forrest is the Founder and Medical Director of the internationally renowned ATACC (Anesthesia Trauma and Critical Care) course and he is the First President of the Faculty of Trauma & Critical Care. He is an advocate for immersive simulation, unique training and innovation and has written over 20 varied courses for The ATACC Group as a Royal College Surgeons (London) Education Centre.
About Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely
The following includes content from https://scanfoam.org/tbs24.
Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely is an intensive care medicine doctor and pre hospital emergency medicine doctor in the UK. He works in a large, major trauma centre ICU, and he is a Helicopter Emergency Medical System (HEMS) doctor at East Anglian Air Ambulance (EAAA).
Dr. Hutchinson-Bazely is committed to delivering contemporary and compassionate critical care, and supporting others to do the same, so much of his non-clinical work is education. He is a faculty member at EAAA, where he specializes in endovascular resuscitation techniques. Dr. Hutchinson-Bazely is also part of the faculty for the international Endovascular Trauma Management (EVTM) society. His main commitment to education is as a deputy medical director for ATACC, where he co-directs the ATACC course.

About The ATACC Group
The ATACC Group (TAG) is known for providing high quality first aid, clinical and medical education and training to every level of provider involved in patient care. It offers a suite of regulated qualifications in collaboration with Qualification Network UK (QNUK) who are an Ofqual, CCEA, and Qualification Wales recognized Awarding Organization. TAG is also a Royal College of Surgeons, London approved Educational Centre. ATACC is an acronym for Anesthesia, Trauma, and Critical Care. Visit https://www.ataccgroup.com to learn more.

About scanFOAM
Scandinavia-based not-for-profit scanFOAM provides resources, conferences (such as TBS24), and more aimed at improving medicine. ScanFOAM is short for Scandinavia Free Open Access Meducation (or medical education). Visit https://scanfoam.org/ to learn more.

About the TBS24 Conference
TBS24 – the 6th iteration of cutting-edge talks on critical care, organized by scanFOAM – was held in beautiful Zermatt, Switzerland, on 7-9 February 2024. Visit https://scanfoam.org/tbs24/ to learn more.
How to Cite This Article
Graffius, Scott M. (2024, April 25). Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Featured by TAG at TBS24 Conference in Zermatt Switzerland. Available at: https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/tbs24.html. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36021.90087.




About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius, PMP, SA, CSP-SM, CSP-PO, CSM, CSPO, ITIL, LSSGB is an agile project management practitioner, consultant, thinker, creator, multi-award-winning author, and international public speaker. Founder and CEO of Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions™ and subsidiary Exceptional Agility™, he has generated over $1.9 billion for Global Fortune 500 businesses and other organizations he has served. Graffius and content from his books, talks, workshops, and more have been featured and used by Microsoft, Oracle, Broadcom, Cisco, Gartner, Project Management Institute, IEEE, National Academy of Sciences, United States Department of Energy, Yale University, Tufts University, and others. He delights audiences with dynamic and engaging talks and workshops on agile project management, AI, Tech leadership, video game development, strategic alignment, the science of high performance teams, and more. To date, he's presented sessions at 89 conferences and other events across 25 countries.
His full bio is available here.
Connect with Scott on:



About Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions

Shifting customer needs are common in today's marketplace. Businesses must be adaptive and responsive to change while delivering an exceptional customer experience to be competitive.
There are a variety of frameworks supporting the development of products and services, and most approaches fall into one of two broad categories: traditional or agile. Traditional practices such as waterfall engage sequential development, while agile involves iterative and incremental deliverables. Organizations are increasingly embracing agile to manage projects, and best meet their business needs of rapid response to change, fast delivery speed, and more.
With clear and easy to follow step-by-step instructions, Scott M. Graffius's award-winning Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions helps the reader:
- Implement and use the most popular agile frameworkโScrum;
- Deliver products in short cycles with rapid adaptation to change, fast time-to-market, and continuous improvement; and
- Support innovation and drive competitive advantage.
Hailed by Literary Titan as “the book highlights the versatility of Scrum beautifully.”
Winner of 17 first place awards.
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.
- ๐ง๐ท Brazil
- ๐จ๐ฆ Canada
- ๐จ๐ฟ Czech Republic
- ๐ฉ๐ฐ Denmark
- ๐ซ๐ฎ Finland
- ๐ซ๐ท France
- ๐ฉ๐ช Germany
- ๐ฌ๐ท Greece
- ๐ญ๐บ Hungary
- ๐ฎ๐ณ India
- ๐ฎ๐ช Ireland
- ๐ฎ๐ฑ Israel
- ๐ฎ๐น Italy
- ๐ฏ๐ต Japan
- ๐ฑ๐บ Luxembourg
- ๐ฒ๐ฝ Mexico
- ๐ณ๐ฑ Netherlands
- ๐ณ๐ฟ New Zealand
- ๐ณ๐ด Norway
- ๐ช๐ธ Spain
- ๐ธ๐ช Sweden
- ๐จ๐ญ Switzerland
- ๐ฆ๐ช UAE
- ๐ฌ๐ง United Kingdom
- ๐บ๐ธ United States
- ๐ More countries

About Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change

Thriving in today's marketplace frequently depends on making a transformation to become more agile. Those successful in the transition enjoy faster delivery speed and ROI, higher satisfaction, continuous improvement, and additional benefits.
Based on actual events, Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change provides a quick (60-90 minute) read about a successful agile transformation at a multinational entertainment and media company, told from the author's perspective as an agile coach.
The award-winning book by Scott M. Graffius is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.
- ๐ฆ๐บ Australia
- ๐ฆ๐น Austria
- ๐ง๐ท Brazil
- ๐จ๐ฆ Canada
- ๐จ๐ฟ Czech Republic
- ๐ฉ๐ฐ Denmark
- ๐ซ๐ฎ Finland
- ๐ซ๐ท France
- ๐ฉ๐ช Germany
- ๐ฌ๐ท Greece
- ๐ฎ๐ณ India
- ๐ฎ๐ช Ireland
- ๐ฏ๐ต Japan
- ๐ฑ๐บ Luxembourg
- ๐ฒ๐ฝ Mexico
- ๐ณ๐ฑ Netherlands
- ๐ณ๐ฟ New Zealand
- ๐ช๐ธ Spain
- ๐ธ๐ช Sweden
- ๐จ๐ญ Switzerland
- ๐ฆ๐ช United Arab Emirates
- ๐ฌ๐ง United Kingdom
- ๐บ๐ธ United States
- ๐ More countries

An abridged version of this article is on LinkedIn.
The short link for this article is https://bit.ly/tbs-24
© Copyright 2024 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Medical, Pharma, and Healthcare Organizations Are Using Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development"
15 June 2026
BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

In medicine, pharma, and healthcare, the stakes could not be higher. Research teams must cohere under pressure. Diagnoses must be accurate. Treatments must be coordinated. Clinical professionals must work in lockstep, often in high-velocity, high-stakes environments where miscommunication or misalignment can cost lives. In these fields, teamwork is a life-critical competency.
Scott M. Graffius is a leading authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with and analysis of team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It's a novel tool that serves as a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. Leaders apply the actionable insights to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams. Graffius initially developed his unique material in 2008, and he periodically updates it.
Hundreds of businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, and media outlets worldwide have featured and utilized Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." Examples include Adobe, American Management Association, Boston University, Broadcom, Cisco, DevOps Institute, Government of Finland, Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH, IEEE, Microsoft, Oracle, Technical University of Munich, Tufts University, U.S. National Park Service, U.S. Soccer, U.S. Tennis Association, UC San Diego, UK Sports Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Yale University, and many more, including several medical/pharma/healthcare organizations (highlighted next).
This article covers a growing trend—the adoption of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" across medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare sectors. Twelve representative examples follow, illustrating the breadth and depth of that use.
Founded in 1992, Alexion Pharmaceuticals built its reputation as a pioneer in therapies for rare and life-threatening diseases, particularly those involving the complement system of the immune pathway. The company rose to prominence with breakthrough drugs that have dramatically improved outcomes for patients with conditions such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome—transforming once-devastating diagnoses into manageable conditions. With a global footprint spanning North America, Europe, and Asia, Alexion became synonymous with high-impact innovation in the treatment of ultra-rare diseases. Its work has delivered meaningful benefits by extending lives, reducing suffering, and giving patients and families tangible hope where few options previously existed.
Alexion Pharmaceuticals referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lten.html
The Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH) operates under the mission: "Health for all, powered by science." Its strategic plan reflects a commitment to continuously producing knowledge in line with societal challenges, healthcare transformations, and shifting expectations—and to effectively harnessing that knowledge for public health practice and beyond.
The APH concentrates its research efforts across eight programs, with over 1,700 multidisciplinary researchers from Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), VU Amsterdam, and the University of Amsterdam. By collaborating with researchers, healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers, the APH is focused on implementing and disseminating knowledge both within and beyond Amsterdam.
A publication of the APH features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work. The APH Quality Handbook includes Graffius' copyrighted (used with permission) illustration, "Phases of Team Development." The visual conveys strategies and more, which can be readily applied to help research teams and others go farther, faster.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/aph-qh.html
AstraZeneca stands as one of the world's leading biopharmaceutical companies, with operations in over 100 countries and a workforce exceeding 80,000 employees. Formed in 1999 through the merger of Sweden's Astra AB and the UK's Zeneca Group, the company has evolved into a powerhouse across oncology, cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, and immunology therapies. Its portfolio includes widely recognized medicines for lung cancer, diabetes, heart failure, and respiratory conditions—products that have improved and extended millions of lives globally. AstraZeneca's oncology innovations have redefined treatment standards and survival expectations for multiple cancers. With a reputation for scientific rigor, scale, and sustained impact, AstraZeneca continues to shape the future of medicine worldwide.
AstraZeneca referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lten.html
Bayer is one of the largest pharmaceutical, biomedical, and biotechnology companies in the world. Founded on August 1, 1863, by Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich Weskott, and headquartered in Leverkusen, Germany, Bayer's businesses include pharmaceuticals, consumer healthcare products, agricultural chemicals, seeds, and biotechnology products. For more than 160 years, the company has worked to improve human health through scientific innovation and a commitment to meaningful medicine.
Bayer utilizes Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" material on teamwork tradecraft.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/bayer.html
Academic medicine increasingly recognizes that clinical excellence requires more than technical skill—it requires the ability to work and lead effectively within teams. This scientific and medical paper, "Fostering Readiness of Future Doctors and Nurses for Teamwork," addresses exactly that imperative, examining how healthcare education can prepare future clinicians for the realities of collaborative care.
The paper cites Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384329504_Fostering_Readiness_of_Future_Doctors_and_Nurses_for_Teamwork
Florida State University's College of Medicine is dedicated to training physicians with a particular focus on serving communities that have historically faced barriers to high-quality healthcare. Its faculty development efforts reflect an ongoing commitment to professional growth and evidence-based practice.
A Faculty Development post from FSU College of Medicine on LinkedIn features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/fsu-college-of-medicine-faculty-development_healthcare-is-a-team-sport-building-strong-activity-7122491911168290816--RkO/
HOPPR empowers developers to build the next generation of AI medical imaging applications, with the goal of making clinical care and workflow optimization more accessible, efficient, and equitable within the healthcare systems they serve. With an extensive repository of medical AI imaging data with known provenance than any other platform, alongside foundation models, fine-tuning tools, and infrastructure built under a Quality Management System (QMS), HOPPR enables transparent, scalable AI workflows built for real-world clinical integration.
HOPPR referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/khansiddiqui_startupprocess-scalingteams-okrs-activity-7298325575096573952-r14X/
The Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) is a leading, peer-reviewed medical journal dedicated to advancing the field of neurosurgery. Published by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), it serves as a premier platform for original research, clinical studies, and innovative techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions. With a history spanning more than 75 years, JNS is widely recognized for its commitment to promoting scientific discovery and clinical excellence. Its global readership includes neurosurgeons, researchers, and healthcare professionals striving to improve patient outcomes.
The Journal of Neurosurgery highlighted Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/jns-2024.html
LTEN's mission: "LTEN is the essential resource for life sciences trainer education and networking; enabling members to harness their collective knowledge, apply leading-edge technology, and deliver world-class learning." LTEN serves as the professional home for those who develop and deploy learning solutions across the life sciences industry—helping organizations build capable, coordinated teams from the ground up.
LTEN referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lten.html
RACP is one of the leading medical specialist colleges in Australia and New Zealand and a highly influential institution in physician education, training, and professional standards across the region. The organization represents more than 30,000 physicians and trainee physicians spanning dozens of specialties and subspecialties. As a standard-setter for medical professionalism and continuing education, RACP carries significant weight in shaping how physicians are prepared and supported throughout their careers.
The RACP referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://scottgraffius.com/thoughtleaderandinfluencer.html
On 6 November 2024, Naso Sano published a presentation on strategies for medical team success, which featured Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work. Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki, MD (Naso Sano, Italy) hosted the session, and Professor Saad Alsaleh (King Saud University, Saudi Arabia) delivered the talk. The presentation was recorded, and the video is available on YouTube.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/nso.html
TAG is known for providing high-quality first aid, clinical, and medical education and training to every level of provider involved in patient care. It offers a suite of regulated qualifications in collaboration with Qualification Network UK (QNUK), an Ofqual, CCEA, and Qualification Wales recognized Awarding Organization. TAG is also a Royal College of Surgeons, London approved Educational Centre. ATACC stands for Anesthesia, Trauma, and Critical Care—domains where team cohesion can mean the difference between life and death.
Physicians Dr. Mark Forrest and Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely from TAG incorporated Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" in their presentation at the TBS24 conference in Zermatt, Switzerland.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/tbs24.html
From pharmaceutical giants conducting global clinical trials, to research institutes advancing public health, to trauma educators preparing clinicians for the most high-pressure moments imaginable, the medical and healthcare sector has embraced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" with good reason. Effective teams don't just perform better—in medicine, they save lives. Graffius gives leaders a diagnostic and strategic guide to advance the effectiveness of teams.
The breadth and caliber of adoption—across pharma, academic medicine, medical journals, AI-driven healthcare technology, professional medical education, and clinical training—underscores both the universality of the framework and its particular resonance in sectors where precision, coordination, and trust are non-negotiable.
Graffius periodically updates his respective work. A visual from the 2026 edition of his "Phases of Team Development" is shown below and details are here. It covers both human-only teams and human-AI teams, including handling the exotic team dynamics which emerge when collaborating with advanced AI.

Graffius has generated over $2.51 billion in business value for Fortune 500 companies and other organizations around the world. Put that track record to work for you. For speaking engagements, use the request form; for other inquiries, email him.
This article spotlighted select medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare organizations that have appropriately used Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property.
However, some other individuals and organizations in medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare-related fields have engaged in plagiarism, copyright infringement, or other bad acts. These matters are serious and warrant awareness, transparency, and accountability. Accordingly, selected cases are referenced below to uphold Graffius’ intellectual property rights and deter future violations. The list is not exhaustive.
Details and source documentation are available here.


Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.
He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.
He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.
Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.
The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.
Experience
Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.
Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.
He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.
Award-Winning Author
Graffius has authored three books.
International Public Speaker
Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.
With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.
The speaker engagement request form is here.
Thought Leadership and Influence
Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:
Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:
He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.
Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."
The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.
Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.
The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.
Education and Professional Certifications
Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:
He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management
Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.
Discover Scott’s Books
Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.













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Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 15). Medical, Pharma, and Healthcare Organizations Are Using Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/medical-pharma-healthcare-leaders-use-graffius-phases-of-team-development.html

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When Lives are on the Line, Teamwork is Critical
In medicine, pharma, and healthcare, the stakes could not be higher. Research teams must cohere under pressure. Diagnoses must be accurate. Treatments must be coordinated. Clinical professionals must work in lockstep, often in high-velocity, high-stakes environments where miscommunication or misalignment can cost lives. In these fields, teamwork is a life-critical competency.
Scott M. Graffius is a leading authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with and analysis of team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It's a novel tool that serves as a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. Leaders apply the actionable insights to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams. Graffius initially developed his unique material in 2008, and he periodically updates it.
Hundreds of businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, and media outlets worldwide have featured and utilized Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." Examples include Adobe, American Management Association, Boston University, Broadcom, Cisco, DevOps Institute, Government of Finland, Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH, IEEE, Microsoft, Oracle, Technical University of Munich, Tufts University, U.S. National Park Service, U.S. Soccer, U.S. Tennis Association, UC San Diego, UK Sports Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Yale University, and many more, including several medical/pharma/healthcare organizations (highlighted next).
This article covers a growing trend—the adoption of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" across medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare sectors. Twelve representative examples follow, illustrating the breadth and depth of that use.
Alexion Pharmaceuticals
Founded in 1992, Alexion Pharmaceuticals built its reputation as a pioneer in therapies for rare and life-threatening diseases, particularly those involving the complement system of the immune pathway. The company rose to prominence with breakthrough drugs that have dramatically improved outcomes for patients with conditions such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome—transforming once-devastating diagnoses into manageable conditions. With a global footprint spanning North America, Europe, and Asia, Alexion became synonymous with high-impact innovation in the treatment of ultra-rare diseases. Its work has delivered meaningful benefits by extending lives, reducing suffering, and giving patients and families tangible hope where few options previously existed.
Alexion Pharmaceuticals referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lten.html
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
The Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH) operates under the mission: "Health for all, powered by science." Its strategic plan reflects a commitment to continuously producing knowledge in line with societal challenges, healthcare transformations, and shifting expectations—and to effectively harnessing that knowledge for public health practice and beyond.
The APH concentrates its research efforts across eight programs, with over 1,700 multidisciplinary researchers from Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), VU Amsterdam, and the University of Amsterdam. By collaborating with researchers, healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers, the APH is focused on implementing and disseminating knowledge both within and beyond Amsterdam.
A publication of the APH features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work. The APH Quality Handbook includes Graffius' copyrighted (used with permission) illustration, "Phases of Team Development." The visual conveys strategies and more, which can be readily applied to help research teams and others go farther, faster.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/aph-qh.html
AstraZeneca
AstraZeneca stands as one of the world's leading biopharmaceutical companies, with operations in over 100 countries and a workforce exceeding 80,000 employees. Formed in 1999 through the merger of Sweden's Astra AB and the UK's Zeneca Group, the company has evolved into a powerhouse across oncology, cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, and immunology therapies. Its portfolio includes widely recognized medicines for lung cancer, diabetes, heart failure, and respiratory conditions—products that have improved and extended millions of lives globally. AstraZeneca's oncology innovations have redefined treatment standards and survival expectations for multiple cancers. With a reputation for scientific rigor, scale, and sustained impact, AstraZeneca continues to shape the future of medicine worldwide.
AstraZeneca referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lten.html
Bayer
Bayer is one of the largest pharmaceutical, biomedical, and biotechnology companies in the world. Founded on August 1, 1863, by Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich Weskott, and headquartered in Leverkusen, Germany, Bayer's businesses include pharmaceuticals, consumer healthcare products, agricultural chemicals, seeds, and biotechnology products. For more than 160 years, the company has worked to improve human health through scientific innovation and a commitment to meaningful medicine.
Bayer utilizes Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" material on teamwork tradecraft.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/bayer.html
Fostering Readiness of Future Doctors and Nurses for Teamwork
Academic medicine increasingly recognizes that clinical excellence requires more than technical skill—it requires the ability to work and lead effectively within teams. This scientific and medical paper, "Fostering Readiness of Future Doctors and Nurses for Teamwork," addresses exactly that imperative, examining how healthcare education can prepare future clinicians for the realities of collaborative care.
The paper cites Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384329504_Fostering_Readiness_of_Future_Doctors_and_Nurses_for_Teamwork
FSU College of Medicine
Florida State University's College of Medicine is dedicated to training physicians with a particular focus on serving communities that have historically faced barriers to high-quality healthcare. Its faculty development efforts reflect an ongoing commitment to professional growth and evidence-based practice.
A Faculty Development post from FSU College of Medicine on LinkedIn features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/fsu-college-of-medicine-faculty-development_healthcare-is-a-team-sport-building-strong-activity-7122491911168290816--RkO/
HOPPR
HOPPR empowers developers to build the next generation of AI medical imaging applications, with the goal of making clinical care and workflow optimization more accessible, efficient, and equitable within the healthcare systems they serve. With an extensive repository of medical AI imaging data with known provenance than any other platform, alongside foundation models, fine-tuning tools, and infrastructure built under a Quality Management System (QMS), HOPPR enables transparent, scalable AI workflows built for real-world clinical integration.
HOPPR referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/khansiddiqui_startupprocess-scalingteams-okrs-activity-7298325575096573952-r14X/
Journal of Neurosurgery
The Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) is a leading, peer-reviewed medical journal dedicated to advancing the field of neurosurgery. Published by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), it serves as a premier platform for original research, clinical studies, and innovative techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions. With a history spanning more than 75 years, JNS is widely recognized for its commitment to promoting scientific discovery and clinical excellence. Its global readership includes neurosurgeons, researchers, and healthcare professionals striving to improve patient outcomes.
The Journal of Neurosurgery highlighted Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/jns-2024.html
Life Sciences Trainers & Educators Network (LTEN)
LTEN's mission: "LTEN is the essential resource for life sciences trainer education and networking; enabling members to harness their collective knowledge, apply leading-edge technology, and deliver world-class learning." LTEN serves as the professional home for those who develop and deploy learning solutions across the life sciences industry—helping organizations build capable, coordinated teams from the ground up.
LTEN referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lten.html
Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP)
RACP is one of the leading medical specialist colleges in Australia and New Zealand and a highly influential institution in physician education, training, and professional standards across the region. The organization represents more than 30,000 physicians and trainee physicians spanning dozens of specialties and subspecialties. As a standard-setter for medical professionalism and continuing education, RACP carries significant weight in shaping how physicians are prepared and supported throughout their careers.
The RACP referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.
More: https://scottgraffius.com/thoughtleaderandinfluencer.html
Strategies for Medical Team Success
On 6 November 2024, Naso Sano published a presentation on strategies for medical team success, which featured Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work. Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki, MD (Naso Sano, Italy) hosted the session, and Professor Saad Alsaleh (King Saud University, Saudi Arabia) delivered the talk. The presentation was recorded, and the video is available on YouTube.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/nso.html
The ATACC Group (TAG)
TAG is known for providing high-quality first aid, clinical, and medical education and training to every level of provider involved in patient care. It offers a suite of regulated qualifications in collaboration with Qualification Network UK (QNUK), an Ofqual, CCEA, and Qualification Wales recognized Awarding Organization. TAG is also a Royal College of Surgeons, London approved Educational Centre. ATACC stands for Anesthesia, Trauma, and Critical Care—domains where team cohesion can mean the difference between life and death.
Physicians Dr. Mark Forrest and Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely from TAG incorporated Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" in their presentation at the TBS24 conference in Zermatt, Switzerland.
More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/tbs24.html
Conclusion
From pharmaceutical giants conducting global clinical trials, to research institutes advancing public health, to trauma educators preparing clinicians for the most high-pressure moments imaginable, the medical and healthcare sector has embraced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" with good reason. Effective teams don't just perform better—in medicine, they save lives. Graffius gives leaders a diagnostic and strategic guide to advance the effectiveness of teams.
The breadth and caliber of adoption—across pharma, academic medicine, medical journals, AI-driven healthcare technology, professional medical education, and clinical training—underscores both the universality of the framework and its particular resonance in sectors where precision, coordination, and trust are non-negotiable.
Graffius periodically updates his respective work. A visual from the 2026 edition of his "Phases of Team Development" is shown below and details are here. It covers both human-only teams and human-AI teams, including handling the exotic team dynamics which emerge when collaborating with advanced AI.

Graffius has generated over $2.51 billion in business value for Fortune 500 companies and other organizations around the world. Put that track record to work for you. For speaking engagements, use the request form; for other inquiries, email him.
Note on Intellectual Property Rights
This article spotlighted select medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare organizations that have appropriately used Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property.
However, some other individuals and organizations in medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare-related fields have engaged in plagiarism, copyright infringement, or other bad acts. These matters are serious and warrant awareness, transparency, and accountability. Accordingly, selected cases are referenced below to uphold Graffius’ intellectual property rights and deter future violations. The list is not exhaustive.
- Bloomfield, Jacqueline - The University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
- Boston Scientific Corporation
- Frotjold, Astrid - The University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
- Howard, Rosa - The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
- Lane, Stuart - The University of Sydney Medical School, Head of Intensive Care Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Senior Staff Specialist in Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Australia
- National Health Service (NHS)
- Roberts, Christopher - Honorary Professor of Medical Education, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
- Schneider, Carl - The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
- University of Sydney
- van Diggele, Christie - Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Details and source documentation are available here.

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.
He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.
He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.
Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.
The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.
Experience
Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.
Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.
He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.
Award-Winning Author
Graffius has authored three books.
- Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
- Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
- Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.
International Public Speaker
Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.
With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.
The speaker engagement request form is here.
Thought Leadership and Influence
Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:
- Adobe,
- American Management Association,
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
- Bayer,
- BMC Software,
- Boston University,
- Broadcom,
- Cisco,
- Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
- Computer Weekly,
- Constructor University - Germany,
- Data Governance Success,
- Deimos Aerospace,
- DevOps Institute,
- Dropbox,
- EU's European Commission,
- Ford Motor Company,
- Gartner,
- GoDaddy,
- Harvard Medical School,
- Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
- IEEE,
- Innovation Project Management,
- Johns Hopkins University,
- Journal of Neurosurgery,
- Lam Research (Semiconductors),
- Leadership Worthy,
- Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
- London South Bank University,
- Microsoft,
- MSN,
- NASSCOM,
- National Academy of Sciences,
- New Zealand Government,
- Oracle,
- Pinterest Inc.,
- Project Management Institute,
- Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
- SANS Institute,
- SBG Neumark - Germany,
- Singapore Institute of Technology,
- Torrens University - Australia,
- TBS Switzerland,
- Tufts University,
- UC San Diego,
- UK Sports Institute,
- University of Galway - Ireland,
- US Department of Energy,
- US National Park Service,
- US Soccer,
- US Tennis Association,
- Verizon,
- Wrike,
- Yale University,
- and many others.
Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:
- The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
- Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
- A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
- A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
- The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
- Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
- The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition
He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.
Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."
The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.
Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.
The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.
Education and Professional Certifications
Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:
- Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
- Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
- Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
- Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
- Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
- Project Management Professional (PMP),
- Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
- IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).
He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management
Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.
Discover Scott’s Books
- Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions — Deliver Products in Short Cycles with Rapid Adaptation to Change, Fast Time-to-Market, and Continuous Improvement
- Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change
- Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum
Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.












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How to Cite This Article
Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 15). Medical, Pharma, and Healthcare Organizations Are Using Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/medical-pharma-healthcare-leaders-use-graffius-phases-of-team-development.html

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